After coming to power on January 30, 1933,
Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist Party moved swiftly to organize
and conduct a systematic program of repression on their political opponents
and dissidents. Chancellor Hitler was granted emergency powers following
the Reichstag fire on February 27, 1933; soon thereafter, the Enabling
Act of March 23, 1933, enabled the Nazis to suspend civil rights in order
to provide security for German citizens. The early Nazi party member
Hermann Goering organized the Gestapo (Secret Police) in April 1933,
which had the unquestioned power of arrest. The Storm Troopers (SA),
which had protected the party in its early years, continued to support
the party, but following a purge in 1934, the SA became increasingly
subordinate to the SS.
Between 1933 and 1939, the Gestapo and the Police (the SD), led by
Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich, arrested and held in camps 225,000
Germans. The organizations provided the basis of the police state.
Also, during these years party organizations enlisted steadfast support
from adults and youth: the SA, the SS, the HJ, the BDM. |
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